Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or non-stick cooking spray. Set aside.

Simmer the raisin mixture: In a medium saucepan, combine the brown sugar, water, raisins, and butter. Bring the mixture to a boil over medium heat. Once it reaches a boil, reduce the heat to low and allow it to simmer gently for 5 minutes. Remove the pan from the heat and let the mixture cool to room temperature before proceeding.

Prepare the dry ingredients: In a large mixing bowl, sift together the all-purpose flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, and cloves. Stir well to combine and evenly distribute the spices throughout the flour.

Combine wet and dry ingredients: Once the raisin mixture has cooled, pour it into the bowl of dry ingredients. Using a spatula or wooden spoon, stir gently until the batter is fully combined and no streaks of dry flour remain. Avoid overmixing.

Bake the cake: Transfer the batter into the prepared baking dish and spread evenly. Place the dish in the preheated oven and bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.

Cool and serve: Allow the cake to cool completely in the pan before slicing. Serve plain or with optional whipped cream or glaze, if desired.